NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 5 Head-to-Toe Assessment on a Volunteer Presentation

Student name

Capella University

NURS-FPX4015 Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Physical Assessment: A Holistic Approach to Patient-Centered Care

Professor Name

Submission Date

Head-to-Toe Assessment on a Volunteer Presentation

Hello, everyone! Immaculate Durvil is my name and I will perform a head-to-toe examination of my patient, Ms. Aiyana Tehanata today. During this evaluation, I will monitor the overall appearance, check her vital signs, perform focused physical examination, and examine her neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems. I will also explain my process of doing every component of the assessment in order to be comprehensive and precise. The demonstration relies on the health status of Ms. Tehanata and its impact on her overall care plan, which deals with the short-term and long-term health requirements.

Comprehensive and Professional Assessment

I started the overall examination of Ms. Aiyana Tehanata and talked about the reason behind the examination and her medical history, including her chief complaint, which is tingling in her feet. I also insisted on the role of communication during the process to make her feel at ease and collaborate. I began by general assessment to note her overall look with alertness and demeanor and whether she was experiencing distress or not. I then did a physical examination, specifically looking at the color and texture of the skin including any edema or other abnormalities of her extremities.

I proceeded to the cardiovascular assessment, which involved hearing heart sounds, where S1 and S2 were normal without any murmur, gallops, and rubs. I proceeded to have an examination of the 4 th intercostal space where I identified the presence of stenotic turbulence. The above finding indicates that there are potential vascular abnormalities that could be explored (Selvaraj et al., 2022). The vital signs were taken, with temperature (98.4degF), heart rate (75 bpm), blood pressure (130/72 mmHg), and SpO2 (98%), which were normal.

The respiratory examination was also accompanied by the fact that the lungs were clear and clear in the five lobes of the lungs, which was a sign that the lungs were free of respiratory distress or abnormalities. Next, I proceeded to the genitourinary examination and the abdominal examination, which were both free of distress and abnormalities. Her stomach was tender, non-tender, and stool was normal.

I would then examine the musculoskeletal system to determine whether a person has joint pain, stiffness or restricted movements. I detected complete movement in all the extremities, and no external swelling or pain in joints. The neuro-assessment also involved a rudimentary ocular nerve appraisal, where Ms. Tehanata was attentive and oriented, as well as had intact cranial nerves. She was tested using the Snellen chart, and the outcome was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left one, which is compatible with her reported problems in focusing.

The next examination was the peripheral vascular system. I inspected both legs of the fibula to determine whether it is swollen, or altered in skin color or whether it has an ulcer. Symmetrical and palpable pulses in lower extremities were +2 bilaterally, and Capillary refill was less than 3 seconds. A single 10-point monofilament examination revealed reduced sensation in both feet, specifically 1, 2, 3, and 6 on the right foot, 4, 5, 6, and 9 on the left foot, which may be a sign of a possible neurological problem, such as peripheral neuropathy.

In the process of the assessment, I shared the results with Ms. Tehanata and clarified to her the importance of her symptoms regarding the possibilities of diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. I also talked about the following steps of additional diagnostic tests and treatment, and made sure she had the idea of the consequences of her current health condition.

Discussion of Diagnosis and Findings

Following the examination, I told Ms. Tehanata that she had the signs of peripheral neuropathy, which is one of the common complications usually observed in persons with diabetes or hypertension. One of the main findings that can be used to diagnose this diagnosis is reduced sensation in both feet that is reflected by the 10-point monofilament test (Parveen et al., 2025). These findings suggest that she may have nerve damage in the lower extremities which may be secondary to long term hyperglycemia or vascular problems.

I highlighted that peripheral neuropathy is a severe disease, and unattended to, it may cause other complications like ulcers, infection and even amputations. I told her that the elevated level of blood sugar might be causing the damaging of the nervous system, and managing her blood sugar levels is the only way to avoid the amplification of the situation. This observation suggests that, possibly, stricter management of her diabetes and an assessment of her medications, including Metformin and Gabapentin, is needed to make her treatment plan optimal (Dave et al., 2025).

The vascular sufficiency may be compromised as caused by constriction of her blood vessels that appears in her cardiovascular examination with stenotic turbulence in the 4th intercostal space. This might be a root cause of the numbness in her feet. I promised her that I would be watching her heart and her circulatory system very closely and would take into consideration other diagnostic procedures to determine the vascular health. Finally, I addressed the topic of the need to have regular follow-up visits and tight blood glucose control.

Reduced sensation exposes Ms. Tehanata to more risks of injuries, wounds, and infections that can remain undetected because her feet have impaired sensation (Baig et al., 2022). I focused on the importance of good feet care, frequent checking of her blood sugar levels and lifestyle changes (eating healthy and exercising). These measures are critical in ensuring that there is no more damage to the nerve and that her quality of life is enhanced.

Understanding of Pharmacological Needs

As the assessment and evaluation show, Gabapentin is prescribed to Ms. Tehanata to control peripheral neuropathy and reduce tingling in her feet. Gabapentin acts by decreasing nerve activity related to nerve-related pain and enhancing her general comfort by balancing her nerve activity that is related to the abnormal sensation in her feet (Saleh and Sedik, 2024). This medication works by suppressing nerve impulses that produce pains thus relieving the symptoms. Frequent exercise, as well as effectiveness benchmarking, will be vital in determining whether the treatment is proceeding as planned. I also explained to him that Gabapentin may have side effects like dizziness, fatigue, and swelling among others, and the side effects should be reported.

In addition to Gabapentin, there are other medications used to treat diabetic neuropathy or vascular problems, like Metformin to control the levels of glucose in blood, and Aspirin with its anti-inflammatory and blood-thinning effect to minimize the development of cardiovascular complications. Her current hypertension medication is metoprostol, which is also useful in regulating her heart rate and preventing the development of additional heart events (Battula et al., 2024). I also emphasized the role of monitoring her blood pressure and blood sugar levels regularly because they can be mutually dependent and the outcome of the pharmacological treatment.

The continuing care involves close observing of her medications, especially her introduction to Aspirin and Gabapentin because both may be interacting with her current medications. As an illustration, Metoprolol may work against the efficacy of Gabapentin under some circumstances. Finally, I underlined that the prevention of disease progression happens when drugs are taken along with lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet and physical exercise (Jyotsna et al., 2023). I stressed that the integrated approach will aid in stabilizing her situation, minimizing symptoms, and averting further complications (amputations or cardiovascular incidents).

Understanding of Pathophysiology

Ms. Tehanata, I would like to clarify that nerve damage causes the peripheral neuropathy and this condition is usually caused by the long term uncontrolled high blood sugar in the patients of diabetes. This causes impaired sensation on the feet, and the cause of why you are feeling the tingling and the numbness on the same. With time, this compromises the good circulation and the nerves, particularly in the lower extremities, and there it becomes hard for your body to detect the fact of touch, heat, or pain in your feet (Zilliox, 2021). It may also be difficult to notice injuries, cuts, or infections in your feet and they are untreated and result in complications.

As time progresses, the poor blood circulation due to the damaged blood vessels frequently observed in the diabetic vascular complications results in the formation of plaques in the arteries (Mlynarska et al., 2025). This accumulation of the plaque narrows the blood flow, making your feet lack of sensation even more. Also, the insufficient blood to the nerves may lead to increased pain, weakness and even atrophy of the muscles within the affected regions. I emphasized the necessity to keep the level of sugar in the blood normal to minimize the development of nerve damage and avoid complications.

Finally, peripheral neuropathy may cause more serious injuries when it becomes unmanaged, and therefore, the pathophysiology of the condition affects it. Even little cuts or wounds on your feet may get infected without your knowledge, and later infections may cause amputation or some other serious complications (Mlynarska et al., 2025). Severe consequences, including foot ulcers or infections, may significantly have an impact on the quality of your life. I explained that lifestyle modifications, such as blood sugar management, proper diet, and frequent foot examination, can be used to manage and prevent the development of the condition.

Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning

As per the evaluation, the main care priorities of Ms. Tehanata include the peripheral neuropathy, blood glucose levels, and the prevention of additional vascular issues. The fact that she has reduced sensitivity of the feet plus the presence of stenotic turbulence indicates a mix-up of nerve injury and vascular failure which are both aggravated by the lack of a good blood sugar level and high blood pressure. Both pharmacological and lifestyle changes are required to deal with these problems and prevent the disease development (Mlynarska et al., 2025). I emphasized the need to have close blood glucose control and blood pressure control because she is taking Metoprolol at present.

Gabapentin will be utilized to treat the pain and paresthesia caused by peripheral neuropathy, whereas Metoprolol will assist her with cardiovascular matters by regulating blood pressure and eliminating the chances of heart failure or other adverse events. Aspirin and Metformin are also needed to lower the inflammation in the blood vessels and to enhance the levels of sugar in the blood, respectively.

These drugs slow down the process of the disease by affecting the root causes, such as nerve damage and lack of blood circulation (Saleh & Sedik, 2024). I also stressed the need to inform Ms. Tehanata about the possible side effects, including dizziness with Gabapentin, and the possibility of bleeding with Aspirin. She, in turn, needs to be informed about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hypotension that may be experienced with these medicines.

Pharmacological treatment, routine foot care, and change in lifestyle, including healthy diet and exercise are critical to improving her living condition and avoiding complications. Finally, I emphasized that frequent follow-ups are essential to keep track of her progress and make the required changes to her treatment plan. It is also essential that educational support, aimed at helping her to cope with her condition efficiently, should be intervened (Saleh and Sedik, 2024).

Her self-management plan will include the regular monitoring of blood glucose level, regular foot examination, and medication compliance. It is an evidence-based intervention, with good practices in the management of diabetes, which will boost her future health outcomes.

Conclusion

The physical examination of Ms. Aiyana Tehanata covered her present health conditions. I explained to her the medications that she currently takes, like Gabapentin to manage some of her pain, Metoprolol to manage her blood pressure, and how lifestyle and exercise will be an important part of her condition management. The care priorities include the tightening of the blood glucose monitoring, control of her blood pressure, and proper foot care. This care approach focuses on collaboration and empowerment, and Ms. Tehanata actively acts in her treatment.

Explore Previous Assessment: NURS FPX 4015 Assessment 4

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